Saturday, May 23, 2020

Analysis Of Ziggurat By Stephen O Connor - 1894 Words

1st Paragraph: Symbolism in â€Å"Ziggurat† In Stephen O’Connor’s â€Å"Ziggurat,† the author utilizes symbolism to portray a raw tale of life and death’s conflicting relationship. O’Connor’s usage of a mythological character, the Minotaur, and a human, the new girl, creates a juxtaposing link that reveals the inevitability of death. â€Å"Ziggurat† follows the Minotaur’s life throughout the labyrinth where he meets the new girl. Through his harsh characterization and foreseeable destruction of those around him, the Minotaur can be seen as a personification of death. The Minotaur believes in the idea that we were â€Å"created to be destroyed† (O’Connor), a hint at the inescapability of the death that the Minotaur symbolizes. Subsequently, the new girl†¦show more content†¦This story, with its lack of rhyme structure and rhythm, is similar to a prose poem. The sharp and repetitive sentence structure makes the list of instructions seem as if they are being given in one endless dialogue. The seemingly infinite commands create a suffocating sense of obligation for the daughter. By including questions in the mother’s list of commands, the author makes it seem like the mother is speaking in a stream of consciousness and is rattling off orders and advice to her daughter. â€Å"Soak salt fish overnight before you cook it; is it true that you sing benna in Sunday school?; always eat your food in such a way that it won’t turn someone else’s stomach† (Kincaid). Simultaneously, it smothers the exchange between the daughter and mother, restricting the idea of a real, two-way conversation. Throughout the story, the daughter rarely speaks, only to protest against her mother’s claims, including the belief that the daughter will become a â€Å"slut† when she is older. Her mother states, â€Å"prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are so bent on becoming† (Kincaid) twice within the story, emphasizing the mother’s accusatory words that simultaneously assume the daughter is already on track to becoming a â€Å"slut.† Subsequently, the daughter argues how she doesn’t â€Å"sing benna on Sundays at all† (Kincaid) when harshly criticized by her mother. The daughter’s haste and sharp responses to her mother’s brusque accusations suggest that the daughter has already

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Themes In Letter From Birmingham Jail - 718 Words

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was a powerful and eloquent letter that effectively argued the point that segregation is fundamentally unjust and should be fought with nonviolent protest. This letter, through describing the injustice taking place during the civil rights movement also provided some insight about Dr. King’s view of the government in the 1960s. Three mains themes present in Dr. King’s letter were religion, injustice, and racism. Dr. King repeatedly used the first theme, religion, to support his arguments throughout the letter. For instance, he used a religious comparison to explain his presence in Birmingham, saying â€Å"just as the Apostle Paul left his little village of Tarsus and carried the gospel†¦show more content†¦In general, the idea of justice was key in Dr. King’s letter, as he explained that his actions were essentially driven by his desire for justice, in this case in the form of racial equality and desegregation. Finally, racism was a major theme, and it was even the cause of the letter’s writing. For example, Dr. King said that though â€Å"it is unfortunate that so-called demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham at this time, but . . . it is even more unfortunate that the white power structure of this city left the Negro community with no other alternative† (78), describing how it was racism that forced his actions which led him to be jailed. Dr. King further described the immense racism present at the time by noting that â€Å"There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in this nation† (78). In his, letter, Dr. King seemed rather dissatisfied with the local government, particularly the one of Birmingham, Alabama. He openly expressed his desire â€Å"to see Mr. Conner [a local official] defeated [in an election]† (79), and even though after the election, Connor wa s replaced by a man named Boutwell, Dr. King said â€Å"While Mr. Boutwell is much more articulate and gentle than Mr. Connor, they are both segregationists, dedicated to the task of maintaining the status quo† (79), describing his continued dissatisfaction with the local government. Though Dr. King disliked theShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Pathos In A Letter From Birmingham Jail803 Words   |  4 PagesEthos, Pathos and Logos in â€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† In August 1963, while sitting in Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King wrote a letter responding to the statement of the eight Clergymen. This letter addressed the criticisms of the marches conducted in Alabama. The Clergymen were not thrilled with the direct-action King and the protesters took. During this letter, King fights the battle with a well-mannered, step by step defense. King expertly combines Ethos and Logos to appeal to the ClergymenRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Essay Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesZhuo Liu Lauren Sassenoff English 1P-5 25 September 2016 Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to eight clergymen in response to their letter known as â€Å"A Call for Unity.†Ã‚  The letter asked for the stop of direct action type protest in Birmingham, Alabama that Martin Luther King was leading.   The letter has become known as one of the greatest works of argument in American history. Part of the reason for the letter’sRead More The Rhetoric of Pathos in the Writings of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1141 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican-Americans behind a veneer of social and political platitudes accepted as givens by others in the same society. Those easy assumptions Dr. King challenged in his reflections on the African-Americans experience to that time. What set apart his remarks from all the others that day, however, were elements of style--an oratorical style--that Dr. King had honed in speech after speech for years. He was, in fact, a much practiced orator. A comparison of almost any set of his remarks reveals the key to theRead MoreSimilarities between Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail and Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1358 Words   |  6 Pagescursory analysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr. and A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift reveals glaring differences between the two essays. Surprisingly, a side-by-side comparison also yields many similarities between the two works. The most obvious similarity between the two essays is the overarching theme of the subject matter. In both essays, the writers address deeply-entrenched social injustices. For example, in Letter From Birmingham Jail, King, in his highly-impassionedRead More Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King Jr. writes the Clergymen that have written him a letter disputing his actions in Birmingham. King is disturbed and offended by the Clergymen disagreeing with his purpose in Birmingham. King say he normally does not respond to criticism because it would waste to much precious time, but since these were men of good will he wanted to give his answers to their statements. In Kings letter he appeals to many emotions asRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1052 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination is? A Rhetorical Analysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail It is known to all that Martin Luther King is a famous person in America, who strongly goes against the racial discrimination all the time. Here, in this letter, Letter from Birmingham Jail, it is easy for us to realize that racial discrimination appears and the non-violence action is still serious at that time. As a matter of fact, this letter is coming from the people in the Birmingham jail, stating their inner thoughts about theRead MoreSummary of Letters from Birmingham Jail Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesHelal Ahmed Professor Smith English 125 October 6, 2010 Summary of M.L.K.’s Letters from Bringham Jail   Ã‚              Ã‚         Martin Luther King Jrs â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was written during his 8 day sentence in jail in 1963. He chose to travel and protest in Birmingham due to the fact that it was widely known as one of the most  segregated city in the U.S.  The letter not only addresses the issues of unjustly being arrested for being an extremist of his approach to the protest, and of theRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†. 9% Similarity Born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., conceivably lived as one of the greatest social and religious leaders in a country where a group of its citizens had to endure excruciating conditions of disenfranchisement, inferiority and degradation of a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn allRead MoreCivil Disobedience, And Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1018 Words   |  5 Pagescircumstances, mainly for the betterment of society. Historic figures such as Rosa Parks, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. all acted civilly disobedience, but society benefitted from their movements. Civil disobedience is the underlying theme of Sophocles’ Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter From Birmingham Jail. The main character of Sophocles’ Antigone, Antigone, acts civil disobedience, just as Dr. King acted civilly disobedient. Both Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. fought to gai nRead More Fighting for Equality and Freedom Essays910 Words   |  4 Pagesof Martin Luther King, Jr. in his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† and from an excerpt of Aung San Suu Kyi’s In Quest of Democracy, the underlying theme of equality is thoughtfully penned with examples universally recognizable from each of their own perspectives, respectfully acknowledging their own histories, religions, and obstacles to illuminate the path toward that common goal of a just society despite unjust laws. In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail,† King’s detailed writings demonstrate

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay - 1441 Words

The lifestyle of the 1920s was much different than what it was like before. In the 1920s, World War I had just ended. After the war, people decided to live life more abundantly. The standard of living increased, and people were able to spend their money on items that they needed as well as more luxury items. The 1920s was called the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† because it was about having a â€Å"roaring† good time. Throughout the book The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the scenes of the 1920s and the characters within the novel to critique the values of the Jazz Age. F. Scott Fitzgerald critiques life in the 1920s through The Great Gatsby. The book is seen through Nick Calloway’s point of view. Throughout the novel, there are many new characters and ways of living introduced. Fitzgerald’s purpose for writing this novel is to express how careless people were and how they did not truly love one another for them, but mostly for their social status or their money. The change in women in the 1920s is a facet of life Fitzgerald illustrates and critiques. They turned to new morals, which glorified youth and personal freedom. One example of their new ways were flappers, which were young women who tried to enjoy life by partying, and they typically had bobbed hair and dresses which showed skin from the knee down. In The Great Gatsby, Jordan Baker and Myrtle Wilson could be classified as flappers. Jordan is a professional golfer, which was unheard of until after the war. She is cheater, lovesShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme t hat is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Diversity and Immigration - 631 Words

Diversity and Immigration The United States is often called a melting pot because of the vast array of cultures that all live in the country. People have come from every corner of the world to settle in the United States. In recent years, the influx of immigration has become a contentious issue. Some people believe that the US is overpopulated and that further immigration poses a danger to the country while others contend that the US was built on immigration and that it is un-American to prohibit people from living here if they so wish. The articles 5 Myths About Immigration and The Challenge of Diversity detail the different issues which are related to the immigration issue, both discuss the amount of immigration that occurs, the fear of immigrants taking jobs from American citizens, and the idea that immigrants are reluctant to assimilate into the American culture. People believe that there are more immigrants coming to the United States now than has ever been the case before. Many also think that the majo rity if immigrants are in the country illegally but this is not the case. In the Messner article (2012), it is stated that two-thirds of the immigrants are in the United States legally while many of the other third came to the country on legal visas but overstayed their visas (page 2). The Pakenham article (2004) agrees with this assertion (page 1). Americans tend to overestimate the number of immigrants who are here illegally; often the motivating factor forShow MoreRelatedDiversity, Inequality, And Immigration2232 Words   |  9 PagesDiversity, Inequality, and Immigration Bradley Amo HHS 201-Introduction to Human Services Instructor Roche 8/23/2014 Diversity, Inequality, and Immigration Due to the long history of inequality, wealth and economic factors have been contributing to the poverty rate in America. Even though, many issues in discrimination also has been an increasing issue in so many areas of ethnicity that politicians should focus upon in order to reduce discrimination and improve the American economy. DiverseRead MoreDiversity, Inequality, and Immigration Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity, Inequality, and Immigration Shanna Marie Fulwood HHS201 Angela Anderson February 11th, 2013 Diversity, inequality, and immigration or three words that brings mind some of the current political subjects that are currently affecting the United States today. Throughout the country’s history, there is the notable inequality and racial injustice in our society. This can be seen, and our history textbooks, about the Civil War, civil rights movement, and the more recently with the gay-rightsRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The Diversity Of A Countries Society1201 Words   |  5 Pagesin a world that is constantly growing closer and father apart. Conflicts within and across countries have a tremendous effect on not only the people who live in these places, but the relationship among other countries as well. Immigration places a huge role in the diversity of a countries society. Through the interaction and integration of certain resources, people, and religions, conflict is increased within and across these areas. We see these up rises in places such as France and I ndia. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Issue of Immigration: The Hispanic-American Diversity1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of immigration is a major point of acrimony among Americans today with a great deal of the focus being directed toward individuals identified with Hispanic cultures (Guittierrez, 2006). There is a misconception among many Americans that all Hispanic cultures are identical in religion, linguistic, political, social, and family conventions and this misconception too often leads to biases and prejudices that create barriers. In reality, there are a many similarities between Hispanic groupsRead MoreMedia Reaction to Immigration1471 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Reaction to Immigration Name Course Date Submitted Media Reaction to Immigration: The issue of illegal immigration is one of the hotly debated topics in almost every facet of society, especially among political leaders. This topic has also received huge media attention and reaction in the recent past including an article written by William Finnegan and published by The New Yorker. The article focuses on addressing the issue of borderlines and is based on the move by 17 Congress membersRead More Influences of Immigration on U.S. Provinces Essay1117 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of influence raises public issue to whether or not U.S. should limit immigration quotas. On one hand, immigrants enable U.S. to compete in international competition and are one way to help alleviate labor shortages in certain demographic trends (Liebig, 2011). Immigration has impact economic trends by highly participating in the labor market and benefiting homeowners and landlords. Immigrants also influences diversity which enables people in the U.S. to be open minded about other cultures. Read MoreImmigration : An Influential Aspect Of American History1172 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout American history, immigration has been a constant and significant force in the country. From the early beginnings of the nation in the seventeenth century to the present day, millions of people, from a variety of different and distinct nations and cultures, made the great journey to the United States to pursue greater economic and social opportunities. Immigration has been an influential aspect of American history. These immigrants have enhanced and contributed greatly to the fabric andRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1593 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal immigration and the deployment of these undocumented inhabitants of America has been a disputed issue for decades. It is debated whether to return the illegal immigrants to their country of origin, or to let them stay in the United States. Factual evidence and statistics has proven that although the immigrants may not be authorized as citizens or inhabitants of America, they do contribute to the diversity of the country. With such a large population of foreigners, the immigrants also influenceRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19651288 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. During this year, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act and the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 helped enforce the 15th Amendment and prohibited racial discrimination in voting. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished quotas based on nationality and allowed Americans to sponsor relatives from their countries of origin. The Voting Rights Act and the Immigration and Naturalization Amendments of 1965 did not only reduce previous state-sponsoredRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Illegal Immigration, Deportation Policy, And The Optimal Timing Of Return Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesarticles regarding immigration. The article have various viewpoints and each looks at different aspe cts of the immigration. The articles all have in depth analysis on the topic they are covering. I will look at each article by analyzing the way the article is presented. I will try not worry about the topic, but the style of the writing and tone. Each article has characteristics of audience and rhetoric which gives them a sense of credibility. In the article, â€Å"Illegal immigration, deportation policy

Report On A Richard Rogers Architecture Essay Free Essays

string(279) " was confident that the Gallic authorities would turn it down, but as it has it, they did n’t, and although it was criticized at first and claimed to be ‘ugly ‘ it is now complimented on being â€Å" one of the most singular edifices of the twentieth century\." This study is written to admit an architectural design icon, Richard Rogers. I will be looking at this adult male ‘s life and his achievements. Richard Rogers is my design icon because his edifices are bold, make bolding, attention-getting and of class, inspirational. We will write a custom essay sample on Report On A Richard Rogers Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now To acquire the information and research I need, I will be chiefly garnering it from the cyberspace, interviews and picture every bit good as any books I can come across. Hopefully, after reading this study you will understand why Richard Rogers is considered a design icon non to merely myself, but the remainder of the universe. Richard Rogers As a individual, Richard Rogers has lead an unbelievable life, born in Italy, he trained at the AA ( Architectural Association ) and Yale University go forthing with an impressive sum of makings. Richard Rogers, his spouse Norman Foster and their married womans Su Brumwell and Wendy Cheesman, set up an architectural pattern called Team 4, although this partnership merely lasted a 4 old ages, Richard continued to get married Su, and make a new partnership with Renzo Piano when they so designed the first of many inspirational edifices, the Pompidou Centre. Richard won assorted awards for many different edifices, even though he did hold some jobs with the populace about his edifices, he did travel on to plan another edifice, the Lloyd ‘s edifice in London, which is much more popular today than it was when it was being built. Richard has visited many different states go forthing his grade in many of them, including the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, New York and Japan. He has inspired many people with his edifices and his finding. He has non being afraid of seting his thoughts frontward, and has been given both heartache and congratulations by the populace. He is committed to guaranting that his edifices should be â€Å" people ‘s topographic points † . The BBC invited Richard as the first designer to give the BBC Reith Lectures for a series called ‘Cities for a Small Planet ‘ . Richard even became the Chief Advisor on Architecture and Urbanism to the Mayor of London, he has besides been a president of the Tate Gallery and Honorary Trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. If that was n’t plenty, he even went on to be knighted and became Lord Rogers. Richard Rogers has many accomplishments and has done many, many things over his life-time, below is a short timeline of some of his most singular accomplishments. Richard Rogers was born in Florence, Italy in 1933. Richard moved to London to travel to the Architectural association. He so went on to derive a maestro ‘s grade from Yale University in 1962. Richard met up with former Yale pupil Norman Foster and began an architectural pattern called Team 4 with their married womans, although the partnership merely lasted a few old ages, Richard rapidly found a new spouse, Renzo Piano, who together won the Prizker Price their edifice the Pompidou Centre which was built in 1977. His following chief edifice was Lloyds edifice in London which was completed in 1986 which became merely every bit much of a memorial as large ben. The European Court of Human Rights ( 1995 ) is really popular in France, for its antic expressions. The Barajas airdrome in Madrid was besides a caput Turner. The Millennium Dome though truly was a antic construction, stand foring so much in such a alone manner, this was completed in 1999. Another large undertaking was London Heathrow Terminal 5, there was so much to this undertaking, but it was eventually completed in 2008. And eventually, a existent memorial, Three Word Trade Centre, it is said to be completed between 2011 and 2015, it is to stand following to two other towers built by other designers utilizing the same manner. Born in Italy 1933 Architectural Association, Yale University 1954 1959 Fullbright, Edward Stone and Yale Scholar 1961 1962 Team 4 1963 1967 Pompidou Centre 1977 Richard Rogers Partnership 1977 RIBA Gold Medal 1985 Lloyds edifice 1986 Knighted 1991 BBC 1995 The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg 1995 Lord Rogerss 1996 Barajas airdrome 1997 Tomas Jefferson Medal 1999 Millennium dome 1999 Chief adviser on architecture 2001 2009 Stirling Prize 2006 Minerva Medal 2007 Pritzker Prize 2007 London Heathrow terminal 5 2008 Three World Trade Centre On-going Buildings Richard Rogers has designed many edifices, most popular are the Pompidou Centre in Paris, in London he designed the Lloyd ‘s Building, the Millennium Dome and London Heathrow Terminal 5. The European Court of Human Rights edifice in Strasbourg, Barajas airport terminal 4 in Madrid and the National Assembly for Wales edifice were besides antic constructions. The Pompidou Centre The Centre Pompidou was Richards first edifice created aboard Renzo Piano in 1977, the design of which won the Prizker Prize in 2007 by fundamentally making the edifice inside out. This meant that all the parts you would normally anticipate to see indoors, like the stepss, air canals, plumbing, overseas telegrams, etc. were all on the exterior of the edifice making monolithic indoor infinite, which is peculiarly utile as this peculiar edifice was used as an art museum, in fact, it is the largest museum for modern art in Europe. Not merely was this edifice functional, it besides complimented its usage for an art museum, affecting its visitants before they even entered the edifice. In theory, holding the internal care, such as the plumbing and air canals, should besides do the edifice easier to keep. Another congratulating facet of the edifice is how each external portion has being colour coded to do certain they stood out instead than intermix in. The Pompidou ‘s original programs were really much more excessive to get down, including traveling internal walls and adjustable floors, which unluckily, did non do it into the concluding design. Richard was at first loath to set this design frontward as he was confident that the Gallic authorities would turn it down, but as it has it, they did n’t, and although it was criticized at first and claimed to be ‘ugly ‘ it is now complimented on being â€Å" one of the most singular edifices of the twentieth century. You read "Report On A Richard Rogers Architecture Essay" in category "Essay examples" † The central office for Lloyd ‘s of London Richard used the Pompidou centre as an inspiration for his following edifice, the Lloyds edifice in London. This was a monolithic undertaking as the old edifice was created in steel where as this one of concrete. Once once more the edifice was designed with its internal parts, outdoors, this even included glass lifts which were the first of their sort in the UK, every bit good as the overseas telegrams, stepss, pipes and even the lavatories. This, of class, left big unfastened infinites on the interior. Once once more the Lloyds edifice was brilliantly coloured and brilliantly lit. The populace at first feared this would do this edifice an ‘alien ‘ is really â€Å" regarded as one of the finest edifices on London since the 1980 ‘s † The Millennium Dome The millenary dome is another 1 of Richards ‘s creative activities. It is a really cagey design with 12 towers or ‘arms ‘ squeeze outing from the white canopy which support the roof of the construction. Stretching out a monolithic 365m diameter, the Dome is the biggest 1 in the universe. The design of the construction is besides cagey as you will detect 365m in diameter, one metre for each twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth, every bit good as one tower for each month of the twelvemonth. Although you would of ne’er of realized until person mentioned it, it ‘s still a singular thing to hold built in. On the interior there was a big unfastened infinite with a fanlight in the centre of it all to make full with whatever the users would wish, which for the millenary, was split into 13 different zones to educate the populace in an synergistic manner, unluckily, the ?43 million constructing merely brought in half the expected visitants and was eventually converted into the 02 Arena. The millenary dome was a singular construction built for the millenary and had been planned for since 1996, and was originally planned as a impermanent construction to last merely 1 twelvemonth, but as it happens, it ‘s lasted much longer. 175 Greenwich Street 175 Greenwich Street is the future site of the 3rd universe trade centre. The construction will stretch up to 1155 pess with 71 narratives, four of which will be below street degree. The edifice will busy 200x 198 pess. The edifice itself has been designed to the highest energy efficiency evaluations. It is to hold a cardinal concrete nucleus utilizing a steel frame on the exterior of the edifice. It is planned to be completed between 2011and 2015 depending when the site is available to developers. The edifice will besides be accompanied by two other towers built by separate designers but hired by the same company, Silverstein Properties. All three edifices are to hold the same manner. London Heathrow Terminal 5 Terminal 5 was eventually approved in 2001 after a 46 month public enquiry, the longest public enquiry in British history. In 2002 work had eventually started and was non completed until 2008. The new terminus means that the airdrome can back up a much higher rider capacity, but it will non hold any more flights, although conservationists say it will take to more flights and pollution. For the terminus to be built, two rivers had to be diverted. Using unreal waterways to successfully deviate the rivers allowed the ?4.2 billion edifice to be built. Terminal 5 had to include a railroad station and several other edifices every bit good as a control tower ; this truly shows how large the undertaking really is. Manner Richard Rogers has been accused of holding several different manners, he himself is committed on his edifices being â€Å" people topographic points † , although this is non usually classed as a manner, he surely has made it into 1 with his constructions have extremely big indoor infinites. Bowellism is another manner related to his first edifice, the Pompidou Centre. Having the internal constituents such as the lifts, pipes, stepss and overseas telegrams externally, means that there is an unreal sum of floor infinite, which, for an art museum, is really utile. Post-modern is referred to another one of his constructions, the Lloyds edifice in London, holding all the constituents clearly seeable, and so brilliantly painted, and so brilliantly illume When Richard was younger, he dreamed of constructing a Zip-up house where his parents would populate, a zip-up house fundamentally means ready to piece or a level battalion house. Having walls, floors, panels and so on prebuilt and fabricated doing the edifice energy efficient, and easy to set. Decision As you can see, Richard Rogers has lead a singular life, constructing many inspirational edifices such as the Pompidou Centre, go forthing his grade in many states such as England, and many metropoliss such as Strasbourg, he has received many good merited awards for his edifices and has even been knighted by the queen. He has an unbelievable design oculus, and is non afraid to travel outside of the box, or in some instances, the edifice, and even though some of his edifices have been criticized severely, in the terminal, they ever came out positive. The fact that Richard is still planing, and his designs still make the public pant is astonishing, hopefully he will go on to construct and design for every bit long as possible, and I ‘m certain that many people will be inspired by his work and his life. All of these things, and many, many more, rebelliously make him a supreme pick of a design icon. Recommendations Trying to urge anything for Richard Rogers is highly hard as he has done it all, he ‘s traveled, he ‘s married, he ‘s left his grade, he ‘s divine, he ‘s lived, if anything people should look at his life and do recommendations for themselves. Make what you love making, and do it until you die, do n’t be afraid of seting your thoughts frontward, and battle for what you want. How to cite Report On A Richard Rogers Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Mental Health Nursing for Practitioners - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMental Health Nursing for Practitioners and Providers. Answer: A mental health patient may not have complete recovery from his or her illness. One may recover from the physical illness but in mental health, nursing the word complete recovery is a rarely used. Mental health nursing is more than the treatment or management of symptoms. Recovery refers to having support, building resilience and ability to process thoughts. For this purpose the recovery principles are developed that will help guide the patients recovery from mental illness. In this assignment Jeremy Oxleys recovery pathway is discussed. He is the founder of the band named, Sunny Boys and is known to be a gifted musician. He was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He lived twenty years with this illness and yet returned to the stage. The essay discusses the principles of recovery in response to the mental health problems experienced by Jeremy. Sunny Boys is the popular Australian band, led by the famous guitarist, Jeremy Oxley. The documentary video shows the life of Jeremy and his remarkable journey with schizophrenia. At the age of 18, he was popular as talented singer and was popular of successful band. In early 1980s, Oxley performed along with Peter (elder brother). Peter was a bass guitarist. They achieved a great success in very short period of time. Oxley became a busy man right in those years and engaged in hectic schedules of recording sessions and relentless touring. It turned out be stressful for him and ultimately led to physical as well as mental burnout (Chien et al., 2013). In one incident, Oxley in 2012, walked out of the Enmore Theatre. Nobody could comprehend the rationale of this behaviour. It was the sign of his crushing health. Eventually, this came out be schizophrenia and Oxley was trapped into this lonely horror of mental illness (The Sunnyboy, 2013). Bill Bilson, the childhood friend of Oxley, describes him as fun loving and gentleperson. His friends knew him as perfectionist. Bill was a drummer of the band Sunny Boys. He was in surfing before and later engaged in guitar playing. He described that Oxley, was highly stressed due to hectic schedule. Eventually he started to have disturbed thinking pattern and paranoid thoughts. He started with excessive alcohol consumption and was slowly turning arrogant particularly during the shows (McGorry, 2014). He failed to continue with the high performance in band as earlier. Soon the newspaper articles exposed his bad behaviour to the public, He was always found to be down and out, as he sought the refuge of alcohol and drugs. This phase indicates a heavy impact of schizophrenia on Oxley. This behaviour led to the demise of the popular band, The Sunny Boys. Peter was initially unable to comprehend the rationale for this bizarre behaviour of Oxley. It was difficult for Jeremy at that point to understand and accept his mental illness. He refused to undergo treatment and he was separated with his brother. It was difficult life for Jeremy as he was becoming a complex personality. He was himself not able to figure out the changes happening in his life. He was experiencing auditory hallucinations. He experienced hearing voices of people who are not around him. He had illusion that people prefer his brother Peter more than him. He felt that somebody stole his music from him. These were classic signs of schizophrenia and hearing of voices is also known as first-rank symptom for schizophrenia. Jeremys non compliance to the medical treatment could be justified by his denial of illness. He refused to accept Schizophrenia and denied the medical intervention. He also did not maintain a healthy regime knowing about his unusual heart rhythms and diabetes. Many people refuse treatment as they fail to understand and accept the psychotic episodes experienced by them (Chandra et al., 2014). This significantly hampers their recovery process. People cannot accept mental illness as fast they could cope up with the physical illness. Consequently, their quality of life is deteriorated. Awareness of mental illness is less likely to be found in some people (Kate et al., 2013). It was same with Jeremy as he had no insights of Schizophrenia. He married Mary Griffith, who finally helped him to recover from Schizophrenia (The Sunnyboy, 2013). Recovery from mental illness is not known as clinical recovery. It is more of a personal recovery, where a person understands the illness, and expertise with the manifestations of the illness. It is different from the clinical illness where a person has to work hard to change the attitude towards life, values, beliefs, attitude towards life, emotional and social skills, roles and feelings (Cavelti, Homan Vauth, 2016). In this type of recovery a person have to try to live a meaningful life despite the limitations imposed by the mental illness. It is called as living in hope and adding value to life, to make it more meaningful. In this type of recovery, a mentally ill patient tries to find purpose to life and way to grow beyond the catastrophic events. Recovery from complex mental health condition needs a change in personal attitude and perspective towards life. It cannot be cured solely based on medications. Emotional support is vital to recover from schizophrenia (Hasson-Ohayon et a l., 2014). It requires proper guidance to cope up with the limitations of the illnesses. Mary offered such support and guidance to Oxley. She gave him mental comfort to cope with his illness. They had a happy life together and had two children Kieran and Lachlan, also came out be a helping hand in Oxleys recovery (The Sunnyboy, 2013). There are six principles of mental health recovery according to the National Recovery Framework. This framework is to guide a patient, to hope and gain confidence, engage proactively in life, understand and accept the mental illness and its symptoms, cope up with disabilities, gain personal autonomy, build social identity, and foster positive self-image (Hasson-Ohayon et al., 2014). In the subsequent sections some of the principles are explained that are relevant to the given case study. The first principle deals with the recovery of an individual with ones own uniqueness. It means that the recovery is all about having satisfactory life. This type of recovery is based on opportunities for making healthy choices that can add value to life. The objective of the recovery principle is to help a patient live a meaningful life, and be a contributing factor in a society (health.gov.au, 2013). This recovery principle emphasise on the individual empowerment and improving the quality of life. Mary empowered Jeremy, to make choices that are healthy for his life, their family and children. Jeremy gained a social status with his wife and two children. With the emotional support and attachment of love, Jeremy could make individual choices. He could recognise his importance, and uniqueness which made him engage in self management process (Department of Health, 2017). The second principle refers to the way of empowering and supporting the individual with mental illness, to make choices, explore the choices meaningfully and creatively and acknowledge the choices (health.gov.au, 2013). Jeremy could make individual choices as he was empowered during his recovery period. During his recovery he was engaged in painting to express his thoughts and emotions. He could vent out his feelings through colours and painting. It helped him to become more creative and expressive. He was happy to teach guitar to his children. It made him and his children when playing music as depicted in video. Eventually it helped Jeremy to gain strength and own accountability of his actions. As he spent time with his family, he felt more responsible towards his life. To help Jeremy balance his personal life and professional liabilities this engagement was necessary. To make him use his opportunities, it was necessary for him to ensure balance between support and duty of care. The fourth principle is also relevant to the case study that deals with patients dignity and respect. In this type of recovery, interaction with the mentally ill patient is respectful, courteous and involves honest communication (health.gov.au, 2013). Recovery is based on considering the sensitivity of each individual and respecting their beliefs and values of life. Mary respected Jeremy despite of his illness considering him an important part of her family. Even the children engaged with him actively in communication. This made Jeremy feel empowered as he was getting attention to his needs, choices, and belief system. He felt his dignity was maintained as he played equal role in family as father and husband. His opinions were respected giving him the feeling of autonomy a measure of recovery (Shanks et al., 2013). Using the National Recovery Framework the essay illustrated the Jeremys recovery from schizophrenia. He was empowered by his wife Mary and rectifying his thought process made him take healthy decisions. Eventually he gained the confidence to return back to the pop-music industry. It was a commendable journey of 20 years of lived experience with mental illness. Jeremy is still seeking treatment. He is yet to find many more answers to life. He was engaged in good communication system, support and empowerment process, which made him optimistic about life a measure of good recovery orientation process (Williams et al., 2017) It can be concluded from the case study of Jeremy Oxley, that the mental health services need to incorporate these recovery principles when treating the mentally ill patient. The patient centered approach is the holistic approach as demonstrated by Mary in the video. Instead of solely relying on medication, she also collaborated with the clinicians. Thus, National Recovery Framework guides mental health professionals to design care plan that deals with language of hope, self management of illness, and committed nursing. There is a need of right conjugation of services, supports and treatments. The life of Jeremy Oxley is inspiring in the sense that it is not impossible to recover from complex mental health conditions. References A national framework for recovery-oriented mental health services: Guide for practitioners and providers. (2013).health.gov.au. Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/67d17065514cf8e8ca257c1d00017a90/$file/recovgde.pdf Cavelti, M., Homan, P., Vauth, R. (2016). The impact of thought disorder on therapeutic alliance and personal recovery in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: An exploratory study.Psychiatry research,239, 92-98. Chandra, I. S., Kumar, K. L., Reddy, M. P., Reddy, C. M. P. K. (2014). Attitudes toward medication and reasons for non-compliance in patients with schizophrenia.Indian journal of psychological medicine,36(3), 294. Chien, W. T., Leung, S. F., Yeung, F. K., Wong, W. K. (2013). Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,9, 1463. Department of Health | Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 17 September 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-i-nongov-toc~mental-pubs-i-nongov-pri Hasson-Ohayon, I., Mashiach-Eizenberg, M., Elhasid, N., Yanos, P. T., Lysaker, P. H., Roe, D. (2014). Between self-clarity and recovery in schizophrenia: reducing the self-stigma and finding meaning.Comprehensive psychiatry,55(3), 675-680. Kate, N., Grover, S., Kulhara, P., Nehra, R. (2013). Relationship of caregiver burden with coping strategies, social support, psychological morbidity, and quality of life in the caregivers of schizophrenia.Asian journal of psychiatry,6(5), 380-388. McGorry, P. (2014). Film review The Sunnyboy.Australasian Psychiatry,22(5), 503-503. Shanks, V., Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V. J., Le Boutillier, C., Slade, M. (2013). Measures of personal recovery: a systematic review.Psychiatric Services,64(10), 974-980. The Sunnyboy. (2013). Retrieved from https://edutv.informit.com.au.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/watch-screen.php?videoID= 655842 Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V., Harding, C., Larsen, J., Le Boutillier, C., ... Slade, M. (2012). Measures of the recovery orientation of mental health services: systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,47(11), 1827-1835.

Friday, May 1, 2020

Clinical Reasoning Cycle in Parkinson Disease Scenario

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Reasoning Cycle in Parkinson Disease Scenario. Answer: Introduction: Parkinsons disease (PD) is a multidimensional and neurodegenerative disorder that targets the central nervous system causing deficits in neurotransmitter production. This disease mainly targets the motor system of the victim causing symptoms like shaking, rigidity, and difficulty in walking with stalled movements at large (Allen, Schwarzel Canning, 2013). Studies suggest that approximately 1 % of the male and female population suffer from this ailment worldwide, specifically the ageing population over the bar of 60 years. This particular disease does not have a definite cure and that complicates the health care for the patient, care plans only focussing on minimizing the challenges associated with the disease (Allen, Schwarzel Canning, 2013). Therefore the nursing care for the patients of this particular disease needs to be multidisciplinary and specific. Application of clinical reasoning cycle can prove to be beneficial for constructing a highly specific and optimal care plan for such patients. This report attempts to address the complexities of caring for Diana Harrison, a 64 year old dealing with Parkinsons disease and identify two care priorities in such a scenario by the virtue of applying clinical reasoning cycle by Levette Jones. Clinical reasoning cycle is a simplified framework using highly logical and realistic steps to construct an optimally curated care plan for a particular patient. This revolutionary tool in the field of nursing and health care by Levette Jones, and has caused a paradigm shift in the field of nursing (Chaffey, Unsworth Fossey, 2012). The purpose of using a clinical reasoning cycle is to conduct the investigation of the symptoms of the patient, characterizing the disease and arriving at a logically and optimally sustainable treatment or care plan for the patient that will lead him to a hassle free speedy recovery. The clinical reasoning cycle comprises of a number of systematic steps that guides the nurses to arrive at the best possible solution for the patient (Delany Golding, 2014). Scenario of Diana Harrison: The context of nursing care should be focussed on biopsychosocial factors incorporating legal, ethical, theoretical and practical concepts for the patients of Parkinsons disease in order to promote and facilitate treatment and rehabilitation. One might raise a question as to how application clinical reasoning can help with achieving the above mentioned outcome. The answer to this question should be the accuracy and efficiency clinical reasoning provides in the entire caring procedure and the strategic simplification and clarity that it brings. Taking the example of Diana Harrison, a 64 year old lady suffering from the parkinsons disease it is possible to arrive at a conclusive care plan using clinical reasoning cycle (Contreras Grandas, 2012). The very first step of clinical reasoning is to consider the situation that the patient under consideration is in. It has to be considered that Parkinsons disease already is a complicated medical condition, and sometimes this disease comes accompanied with other medical complexities like dementia (Contreras Grandas, 2012). In this case, Diana is a semi-retired part time high school teacher for the subject for science, mother of three children and grandmother of 5 grandchildren. However all of her three children live interstate and Diana had participated in many outdoor activities along with her husband and has been quite an active lady all throughout her life. She has partaken in activities like bushwalking, gardening and cryptic crosswords as hobbies; however she started experiencing the onset of the disease as small tremors in her hands which escalated into much more complex health problems later on. Hence considering her situation we can come to the conclusion that she had been a n active lady all her life and the disease has taken away from her the active participation in life affecting her locomotor skills completely and which has depressed her to no end (Ironside, McNelis Ebright, 2014). The next step to clinical reasoning is the collection of cues and information about the patient and his or her medical history. In this step the nursing professional is supposed to review all the information available about the patient till date, including reports, patient history charts, and investigative test results and nursing history if available for the patient. In this case for example, this step will facilitate collection of all the information that will guide the healthcare team to determine how her symptoms manifested (Phillips, Duke Weerasuriya, 2017). The next step is the processing of all the information that has been collected about the patient and her medical history till date (Sniderman et al., 2013). This step includes interpretation of the symptoms that Diana is exhibiting, like fatigue, Bradykinesia, increasing termors in her left hand, unsteady gait with unnecessary tripping and stumbling and lastly emotional outburst and depression. This is the step that allows the nurses to arrive a predictable outcome followed a strategic treatment plan. It is vital for a proper diagnosis that there is clear discrimination between the relevant and irrelevant information, so that the diagnosis is neither delayed nor clouded by useless information (Victor-Chmil, 2013). The next obvious step is the diagnosis of the disease of identification of the problem that has led the patient to where she is. In this case the patient is discovered to be having Parkinsonian syndrome, with having prior medical history of high cholesterol-lipitor in the past. The very next step in the cycle is to establish goals that will help the patient overcome her symptoms (Zamani et al., 2017). Prioritization of caring needs: The clinical reasoning cycle enables the health care professionals to apply logical and reasonable [perception to the construction of the care plan. The benefits of this novel concept in nursing is that it allows the treatment plan to prioritize the specific needs and requirements making the care plan very specific rather than being very generalized. For example in case of Parkinsons disease, the caring priorities for the patient are not very difficult to identify. In case of Diana she was suffering from extreme nausea and unsteady gait and fatigue, few common occurrences of parkinsonian syndrome. The first and foremost priority for her is the immediate commencement of dopamine antagonist medication. Studies suggest that this neurodegenerative disorder targets the dopamine receptors to destroy the motor signalling system of the body (Lill et al., 2012). The dopamine antagonist medication, levodopa coupled with dopamine releasers Amantadine can be highly beneficial in diminishing the locomotor system problems. Levodopa serves in downward titration of dopamine in the body and amantadine serves to increase the efficacy and longevity of the drug in the body to target the issues like tremors and unsteady gait (Lill et al., 2012). Selegilline and rasagilline are another group of abundantly used prescription medication in the management of Parkinsons disease. This medications function in the body by conserving the amount of dopamine saving it from being destroyed. Another vital medicine for this disease is the COMT inhibitors, tolcapone and entacapone fall under this group of drugs inhibit the COMT system and in retention o dopamine and increases the efficacy of levodopa. Parkinsons disease already impairs the movement capability of the patients; however it also comes coupled with alarming levels of weight loss (Lill et al., 2012). There are various reasons that contribute to the frightening weight loss that is associated with parkinsonian syndrome however the faulty signalling system in the motor signalling pathway of the body heavily affects the energy intake and energy expenditure ratio of human body leading much more elevated levels of exhaustions (Aviles-Olmos et al., 2013). Irrespective of the reasons, reduction in body weight interferes with the recovery heavily, hence the caring priorities should include addressing and preventing weight loss in the patient. The medication provided for the PD symptoms like levadopa has a positive impact on the glucose metabolism but this is not enough, the care provider must prioritize weight gain (Lill et al., 2012). Nutrition is the first step to handle the weight loss issue in the scenario of parkinsonian syndrome; the care provider must incorporate elements of all food groups into the diet plan for the patient like whole grain, fruits, vegetables and dairy items. High protein diet can also be beneficial for such patients like meat, fish, soy, beans and egg. The patient should be advised to introduce herself to frequent eating habits, eating small nutritious meals every two to three hour to accustom her body to the changes (Aviles-Olmos et al., 2013). The patient can also include high calorie items like cream and butter but will also need to include exercise as a daily regimen to help with balancing g the weight gain. The patient must also be referred to a registered nutritionist periodically followibg her recovery journey. Conclusion: Undoubtedly, the need for comprehensive and multidisciplinary albeit practical nursing approach is a necessity in treatment and care delivery of patients of Parkinsons disease. And the steps of clinical reasoning cycle enable the nursing professionals and the physicians to apply cognitive reasoning and logical thinking that articulate sets of strategies to find optimal care plan for the patient having the most realistic approach to it. The advantages to the framework of this cycle is that it not only helps the nursing professionals attain better understanding on the condition of the patients but also helps them device sets of strategic interventions that will prioritize the specifics needs of the patient helping them attain speedy recovery as well. Hence it can be hoped that the revolutionary concept of clinical reasoning will change the face of health care for the better. References: Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2015).Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment: A practical approach. Elsevier Health Sciences Allen, N. E., Schwarzel, A. K., Canning, C. G. (2013). Recurrent falls in Parkinsons disease: a systematic review.Parkinsons Disease,2013. Aviles-Olmos, I., Dickson, J., Kefalopoulou, Z., Djamshidian, A., Ell, P., Soderlund, T., ... Limousin, P. (2013). Exenatide and the treatment of patients with Parkinsons disease.The Journal of clinical investigation,123(6), 2730-2736. Cappelletti, A., Engel, J. K., Prentice, D. (2014). Systematic review of clinical judgment and reasoning in nursing.Journal of Nursing Education,53(8), 453-458. Chaffey, L., Unsworth, C. A., Fossey, E. (2012). Relationship between intuition and emotional intelligence in occupational therapists in mental health practice.American Journal of occupational therapy,66(1), 88-96 Contreras, A., Grandas, F. (2012). Risk of falls in Parkinsons disease: a cross-sectional study of 160 patients.Parkinsons Disease,2012. Delany, C., Golding, C. (2014). Teaching clinical reasoning by making thinking visible: an action research project with allied health clinical educators.BMC medical education,14(1), 20. Forsberg, E., Ziegert, K., Hult, H., Fors, U. (2014). Clinical reasoning in nursing, a think-aloud study using virtual patientsA base for an innovative assessment.Nurse education today,34(4), 538-542. Ironside, P. M., McNelis, A. M., Ebright, P. (2014). Clinical education in nursing: Rethinking learning in practice settings.Nursing Outlook,62(3), 185-191. Lill, C. M., Roehr, J. T., McQueen, M. B., Kavvoura, F. K., Bagade, S., Schjeide, B. M. M., ... Liu, T. (2012). Comprehensive research synopsis and systematic meta-analyses in Parkinson's disease genetics: The PDGene database.PLoS Genet,8(3), e1002548. Phillips, N. M., Duke, M. M., Weerasuriya, R. (2017). Questioning skills of clinical facilitators supporting undergraduate nursing students.Journal of Clinical Nursing. Sniderman, A. D., LaChapelle, K. J., Rachon, N. A., Furberg, C. D. (2013, October). The necessity for clinical reasoning in the era of evidence-based medicine. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 1108-1114). Elsevier. Victor-Chmil, J. (2013). Critical thinking versus clinical reasoning versus clinical judgment: Differential diagnosis.Nurse educator,38(1), 34-36. Zamani, S., Amini, M., Masoumi, S. Z., Delavari, S., Namaki, M. J., Kojuri, J. (2017). The comparison of the key feature of clinical reasoning and multiple choice examinations in clinical decision makings ability.Biomedical Research,28(3).