Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician Essay Example for Free

Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician EssayA special challenge that mental wellness staff office in prison facilities deal with is the setting of their profession. Exposure to convicted felons, being subject to security sanctions and traffic with individuals under constant stress creates tests an individuals pro and personal integrity and capability. The fears and biases associated with prisons and inmates stems from the very nature of crime and punishment. The reservation felt is indicative and at the same reinforces the social consequence of violating laws.According to the Sainsbury Centre for mental Health (2007) it is important to develop an understanding of the fears, attitudes, or biases related to prison interventions and how it affects the interactions between the therapist, the intervention program and the client. This is supported by Ward and Stewart (2003) they emphasize the expect to develop models and insights to the to therapeutic intervention to better faci litate not only rehabilitation but also crinimogenic, social and individual needs of mental health personnel and clients in prison settings.The attitude of mental health personnel to the circumstance of their design, both on a personal and professional level, is critical component part in the success of therapy and interventions. The professional training of mental health personnel aims to crate attitudes to alleviate the stigma because of the basic objective of therapy to create a convey of transcending the motivation or conditions that contributed to acts leading to clients convictions (Belenko et al, 2003).Thus, the mental health professional should be able to assess his personal fears, attitudes or biases, outline its mode of impact to his practice and determine the level of control he has over these elements. This requires not only self-examination but may also require consultation with other professionals and studies dealing with similar scenarios.

Employment at Will Essay Example for Free

Employment at Will EssayThere atomic number 18 several concerns and is challenges that had been analyzed by the new COO of the organization. Many aspects need to be carefully considered before making sound decisions of any tonic action or termination in effort to avoid legal actions. correspond to Connell and Castro, issues need to be carefully investigated by exploring relevant witness such as co-workers (Castro Connell, 2009, p.31). This will ensure that placements with mis instincts are non the issue. However, the conclusion made by the COO should be practical and within reason, not made on impulse or suddenly, and in melodic phrase with the Employment-at-will doctrine. Although, employees can be dismissed at any time for whatever reason if there arent any statutes that would prohibit the act, careful review of the concerns listed infra is needed for the betterment of the company and its strategic plans.John posted a rant on his Facebook page in which he criticized th e companys around important customer. Jim sent an email to other salespeople protesting a change in commission schedules and bonuses and suggesting everyone boycott the next sales meeting.Ellen started a blog to protest the chief executive officers bonus, noting that no one below director has gotten a raise in two (2) years and portraying her bosses as know-nothings and out-of-touchBill has been using his company-issued blackberry bush to run his own business on the side. The secretaries in the nameing department decided to dress in black-and-white stripes to protest a memo announcing that the company has installed keylogger software on all company computers.After being disciplined for criticizing a customer in an email (sent from his ain email account on a company computer), Joe threatens to sue the company for invasion of privacy.One of the department supervisors requests your approval to gust his secretary for insubordination. Since the secretary has always received refulg ency reviews, you call her into your office and determine that she has refused to prepare false expense reports for her boss. Annas boss refused to sign her leave request for jury duty and now wants to fire her for being absent without permission. Summarization of Employment-At- Will DoctrineIn any kind of employment relationship, employment is a moment to moment employment scram between the employer and the employee. Therefore, the employment- at will doctrine allows the employer to do whatsoever it tints to the respect of the employee. Putting it differently, the doctrine permits an employer to terminate a worker for any reason good, bad, or without reason as long as the termination is within the legal parameters (Urhuogo, 2010, p.29). In other words, if nothing else applies to the situation at hand such as a specific law of court case that would support the termination (Anti- Discrimination Law), then the employment at will doctrine will succeed.However, exceptions at the fe deral, state, and city level such as specific statutes or laws and common laws (contract and public policy) allowed for modifications to be use to the employment-at-will-doctrine in effort to prevent an employer in terminating a worker under the more precise exemption. At the federal level Title VII (Civil Rights Act), which includes race, sex, national origin, and religion are defend. In addition, workers are saved under the Age Discrimination and Employment Act, Americans with Disability Act, and National Labor Relations Act, which protects workers that participate in a union.Most state laws are paralleled to those laws implemented at the federal level. However, some states have expanded their laws to further modify the employment-at-will doctrine for example some states have included sexual preference as being protected, which is not covered under the federal law. Common law exception, which is applied to all levels is based on precedence and therefore, does not need o apply. A n example would include a try on handing down a verdict in his or her jurisdiction creating an exception to the employment-at-will-doctrine. The decision made by the judge would therefore become a binding on employers, which is independent or separate of the laws or statutes that was created by the legislative body. In conclusion of the employment-at-will doctrine, if the workers termination does not fall within the statutory or common law exception, the employment-at-will doctrine will default.Recommendation and Implementation Firstly, many of the concerns and issues referenced above could have realistic been eliminated if a whistleblowing policy had been implemented. Realizing and executing this policy within the work, allows for whistleblowers to exhibit a role of importance that could eliminate unethical or illegal behaviors within the workplace before any issues become too difficult to handle. When organizations continue to have employees that display a characteristic of bei ng unethical, they position the organization to be at risk in a negative manner legally, financially, and publically.The position of the matter is that wrong doing occurs in many organizations, just now workers at ALL levels should feel convenient and confident that their work environment is not one of being hostile. Therefore, including a whistleblowing policy should be safe for the worker in knowing that if or when a matter is reported internally any corrective action can be quickly executed thereby, causing workers to become more ethical. In addition, on-going ethics training for workers at ALL levels in effort to enhance a moral environment or climate should be applied so thatObjectives and strategic plans are met and the best way to ensure that they are met Leaders are walking the walk and talking the talk (setting examples for all) Workers will feel as though their communication and responsibility is of value to their place of work.Finally, the assurance of the policy shou ld be an image of the company and therefore, being upheld than just words on a piece of paper. The whistleblower should feel confident and safe that when an investigation is done, it will be conducted in an objective manner and investigated by one that has absolutely no influence on the outcome. This too will give a feeling that confidentiality is of value within the organization to the whistleblower. After careful review of the employee issues and concerns, the following testimonial has been madeFirstly, the real boss in my opinion is the customers and especially the high profitable ones because they are the major source of buying. And if your high profitable consumers decide to run into business to your competitors then you basically have fired yourself. Although, John decided to criticize the most important customer, it is best to terminate his position due to the fact that at that moment a competitive disadvantage had been created.Jim and Ellen have some real legitimate grieva nces that need to be address by the company in effort to determine if other employees have the same concern and if so, developing ways to correct the issue. However, both Jim and Ellen have real concerns in reference to yield and therefore, it should be addressed. I believe that they both need to be coached and whitethornbe even disciplined on the way of handling their concern but, I feel that they are both protected under the retaliation law and public policy.In Bills cases, grounds for termination can be expected assuming he did not get permission first. The use of the companys cellular in effort to start his business is considered theft. Misusing the companys resource for personal business causes the business to lose time and money.Im afraid it is perfectly legal for an employer to monitor company computer usage while you are at work, you do not have the right without permission to do your private work on your companys computer. Therefore, the accounting department need to be co ached on the expectations of the company but also understand that they are not obligated to continue their employment with the organization if they feel disapprove of the key loggers.I believe that Joe has the right to sue the company due to the fact that it was his personal email that had been reviewed. I believe that if Joes criticism had been done on the business email then corrective action must stand. In order for the business to prevent personal email usages, it should be clearly outlined in the employee handbook as rise up as explaining the extent of computers being monitored. Employers should make sure that workers clearly understand the policy.The information provided by the secretary should be investigated thoroughly. If her claim is true, then she would be protected by the violation of public policy. The secretary cannot be all over due to the fact that she declined to prepared false expense reports for her boss. However, the boss should and need to be investigated and terminated for his actions to eliminate a hostile work environment.Anna exercised her legal right under public policy law reporting to jury duty. However, Annas boss may ask for proof of jury duty and unless the employee handbook state otherwise, the employer does not have to compensate Anna. Termination in this case would be illegal.In Conclusion, understanding the employment-at-will doctrine and carefully executing the parameters of the doctrine can still leave the employer with sense of being uneasy and becoming apprehensive that an employee will attempt to sue. According to Wood and Karau, it is imprtant to respect employees during the process of which the termination is taking place because it will show the employee that their work was appreciated while they were working for the company (Wood Karau, 2008, p. 521). This can succor or assist in preventing legal actions when respect is given. According to Urhuogo, Giving employees reasons for termination may result in employees to be understanding of the situation (Urhuogo, 2010, p.33). However, in the end, every employers and workers must display a demeanor that is ethical and suitable for the company and themselves.

Two Middle Range Theory Evaluation Paper

Two Middle clutch possible action Evaluation PaperThe excogitation of this paper is to mensurate two middle disgorge theories abilities to test the concept of teething ring for the practice question Do neonatal nurses who direction for expiry infants who attend an end of vivification prison confines cargon educational training plan compared to neonatal nurses who do not attend the program experience a difference in simplicity take aims ( sympathizer take aim for Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI)) when feel for for a dying infant? A summary of two middle snip theories the Comfort Theory (Kolcaba, 1994) and the Theory of Self-Efficacy (Resnick, xxxx) go forth be summarized and then critiqued using Smith and Liehrs (xxxx) Frame doing for Evaluating Middle Range Theory. The discussion leave alone conclude with a summary of strengths and weakness of the theories and a search hypothesis to reflect that reflects the most appropriate theories conceptual definitions and p ropositions.IntroductionBackgroundDespite nurses as frontline concerngivers for dying patients and their families many nurses have identified that they struggle with the responding adequately to the emotional devastation to parents and siblings when caring for a neonate with an unresolved terminal condition (Frommet, 1991). With the advances in neonatal care and life sustaining treatments, sick and very preterm infants do not often die in utero, at birth, or shortly after birth, but instead they often live much longer in a wellnesscare paradigm of hassock care and dignified death. This relatively new emersion of the end of life model integrates a more holistic approach which considers a more comprehensive view of the patients needs (emotional, spiritual, and medical) (Mallory, 2002 Mallory, 2003 WHO, 2002). With this paradigm shift, health care professionals are obligated to assess the adequacy of their own know conductge, attitudes, and beliefs to the highest degree death an d dying. Multiple studies regarding nurses preparation for dealing with death and dying have consistently found that nurses that nurses do not feel educationally prepared to care for dying patients and insist that healthcare professionals should receive additional education on end of life care to bridge the deficit gap (Frommet, 1991 Robinson, 2004 White, Coyne, Patel, 2001 Beckstrand, Callister, Kirchhoff, 2006). These findings have led to a further observation that nurses caring for these complex patients regularly experience moral bother from competing principles of their person-to-person, collegial, organizational, and religious/spiritual ethics (Frommet, 1991).Practice ProblemTo succor solace this moral distress an evidence based end-of -life educational training program for NICU nurses has been successfully implemented in several neonatal intense care units (NICUs) to incr chasteness the nurses simpleness level of caring for neonates and their families at the end of life (Bagbi, Rogers, Gomez, McMahon, 2008). To determine if an evidence based end of life educational program meets nurses allayer levels in caring for dying infants and their families a question was developed using the population (P) intervention (I) compared to (C) outcome (O) format (Newhouse, Dearhold, 1997). The following discussion will focus on this PICO question Do neonatal nurses who care for dying infants who attend an end of life care educational training program compared to neonatal nurses who do not attend the program experience a difference in cherish levels (Comfort Level for Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI)) when caring for a dying infant? During the intervention a monthly 1 hour, neonatal end of life education program will be conducted over a 6 month period of time based on research about what nurses would like to know about caring for a dying infant (Robinson, 2004).For the purpose of this job, relieveableness is defined as the ability of the NICU nurse(s) to s how adequate knowledge and skills in providing neonatal end of life care for dying babies and their families. For this problem ease will be measured as a score on the ordinal scale of Comfort Level Caring for Dying Infants (CLCDI). The instrumental mapping consisting of 15 items, measured on a 5 point Likert type scale equates scores of 1=never 2=rarely 3=sometimes 4=often, 5= eer measures the level of comfort a NICU nurse has caring for dying infants as opposed to their perception toward pediatric or neonatal end of life care (Bagbi, Rogers, Gomez, and McMahon, 2008). In evaluating the score, the higher the reported score the greater level of comfort NICU nurses have in caring for dying babies.Testing the Concept of ComfortA portion of Kolbacas (1991) Theory of Comfort and Resnicks (2008) Theory of Self-Efficacy, two middle range theories, will be employ to test the concept of comfort for providing an organizing structure. Based on previous studies about nurses comfort when car ing for patients, propositions five and six of Kolbacas Theory of Comfort seem to be a promising fit for this problem (Kolbaca, 1991, Kolbaca, XXX). These propositions collectively propose that patients, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team agree upon desirable and realistic health seeking behaviours (HSBs) and if enhance comfort is achieved, patients, family members, and/or nurses are strengthened to engage in HSBs, comfort is further enhanced (Kolbaca, 1991). However, comfort as defined conceptually in this incident as knowledge and skill potbelly alternatively be equated with a sense of competence or self-efficacy of the NICU nurse to care for a dying infant and their family. There are many examples in the nursing literature linking self-efficacy to knowledge and skill (xxxx, xxxxx).) Self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills are also central to Banduras surmisal, which is the basis for Resnicks (xxxx) Self-Efficacy system. Self-efficacy as set forth in Resnicks (xx xx) Theory of Self-Efficacy for this context is depict as the judgment about the nurses ability to organize and execute a course of action required to pee-pee designated types of performances. The surmise verbalises that perceived self-efficacy, defined as the individuals judgment of his or her capabilities to organize and execute courses of action, is a determinant of performance (Resnick, xxxx). Self-efficacy beliefs provide the foundation for humanity motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment (Resnick, xxxx). According to Resnick (XXXX) surmisal individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy for a specific behavior (caring for a dying infant) are more likely to attempt that behavior. There are many examples in the literature using the Theory of Self-Efficacy to support nursing education interventions (xxxxx, xxxxx). For these reasons, Resnicks Theory of Self-Efficacy (xxx) will be apply to test the concept of nurses comfort or knowledge and skill (self-efficacy) in caring for dying infants and their families. The purpose of the following discussion is to summarize, describe, analyze, and evaluate these theories using the Framework for the Evaluation of Middle Range Theories (Smith, 2008) and conclude with a synthesis and research hypothesis to reflect conceptual definitions and propositions of the speculation with the best fit.Theory Summaries Comfort and Self-EfficacyKolcabas Comfort TheoryThe Comfort Theory is a humanistic, holistic, patient need based nursing derived middle range theory (Kolbaca, xxxx). The concept of comfort has had a historic and consistent front end in nursing. In the early 1900s , comfort was considered to be a goal for both nursing and medicine, as it was believed that comfort led to recovery (McIlveen Morse, 1995). everyplace time comfort has become an incr stillly minor focus, at times reserved only for those patients for whom no further medical treatment options are available (McIlveen Morse, 1995).The term comfort is used as a noun (comforter), adjective (comforting), verb (to comfort), or adverb (comfort the patient) (xxx). It is also used as a negative (absence of discomfort), neutral (ease), or positive (hope inspire). Webster (1990) defines comfort as relief from distress to soothe in sorrow or distress a person or thing that comforts a sound out of ease and quiet enjoyment free from worry anything that makes life escaped and the lessening of misery or grief by calming or inspiring with hope. The line of merchandise of comfort is confortrare which means to strengthen greatly(Kolcaba, 1992). Based on the diversity of these terms comfort is a complex term. Kolcabas (1991) concept depth psychology of comfort helped to crystalize the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that stir and strengthen patients (David, 2002). Over a period of years and revisions Kolcaba (1994) develo ped the comfort theory which continues to evolve and change with changes as recent as 2007 (Figure 2).Kolcaba (1994, 2001, 2003) has defined comfort as the immediate convey of being strengthened through having the human needs for relief, ease, and transcendence addressed in iv contexts of experience ( personal, psychospiritual, socio cultural, and environmental). The terms relief, ease, and transcendence are types of comfort that go past physically and mentally (Figure 2). The terms are defined based on definitions from medicine, theology, ergonomics, psychology, and nursing (Kolcaba Kolcaba, 1991). Relief is the state of having a discomfort mitigated or alleviated. help is the absence of specific discomforts. Transcendence is the ability to rise above discomforts when they cannot be eradicated or avoided (e.g., the child feels confident about ambulation although (s)he knows it will exacerbate pain). Transcendence, as a type of comfort, accounts for its strengthening property a nd reminds nurses to never give up aid their children and family members feel comforted. Interventions for increasing transcendence can be targeted to improving the environment, increasing societal support, or providing reassurance.The three types of comfort eliminate in four contexts of experience physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental. These contexts were derived from an extensive review of the nursing literature on holism (Kolcaba, 1992). When the three types of comfort are juxtaposed with the four contexts of experience, a 12-cell grid is created, which is called a taxonomical structure (TS) (Figure 1) . Taken together, these cells represent all relevant aspects ( formation attributes) of comfort for nursing and acquaint the holistic nature of comfort as an important goal of care. All comfort needs can be placed somewhere on the taxonomic structure, and the cells are not mutually exclusive. A sample pediatric case study using the TS as a guide for a hol istic comfort assessment is demonstrated below (see Figure 1).The concepts for the middle range for Comfort Theory include comfort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health-seeking behaviors, and institutional righteousness (Kolcaba, 1994). All of these concepts are relative to patients, families, and nurses (Kolcaba, 2003 Kolcaba, Tilton, Drouin, 2006). There are eight propositions which link the above concepts together. All or parts of the Comfort Theory can be tested for research (Peterson Bredow, 2010).In the comfort theory, Kolcaba asserts that when healthcare needs of a patient are appropriately assessed and proper nursing interventions carried out to address those needs, taking into account variables intervening in the situation, the outcome is enhanced patient comfort over time (Kolcaba, 2007). Once comfort is enhanced, the patient is likely to increase health-seeking behaviors. These behaviors may be internal to the patient (eg, woun d healing or improved oxygenation), external to the patient (eg, active participation in rehabilitation exercises), or a peaceful death. Furthermore, Kolcaba asserted that when a patient experiences health-seeking behaviors, the integrity of the institution is subsequently increased because the increase in health-seeking behaviors will result in improved outcomes. change magnitude institutional integrity lends itself to the development and implementation of best practices and best policies secondary to the positive outcomes experienced by patients (Kolcaba, 2007).To translate the concepts to practice the effectiveness of a holistic intervention can be targeted to the taxonomic structure for enhancing comfort in a specific patient, family, or nurse population over time. Holistic comfort is defined as the immediate experience of being strengthened through having the needs for relief, ease, and transcendence met in four contexts of experience (physical, psychospiritual, social, and en vironmental).The comfort theory has been operationalized in many research settings with a variety of patient and target populations ranging from end of life care to the comfort of nurses (xxxx).Resnick Theory of Self-EfficacySelf efficacy is described as a way to organize an individuals judgment of his or her capability to execute a course of action. The Theory of Self-efficacy states that self-efficacy expectations and outcome expectations are not only influenced by behavior, but also verbal encouragement, reflective thinking, physiologic sensations and role or self-modeling (Bandura, 1995).. Through self evaluation an individual judges their capability to perform and accomplished self expectations which is visually depicted in the conceptual model (Appendix 2) (Resnick, 2008).Resnicks Theory of Self Efficacy is based on Banduras social cognitive theory and conceptualizes person-behavior-environment as triadic reciprocity the foundation for reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1977, 1 986).Most of the research into self-efficacy beliefs among older adults has been quantitative and has consistently supported the influence of those beliefs on behavior. However, it has not been established how efficacy beliefs rattling influence motivation in older adults, or what sources of efficacy-enhancing information help strengthen those beliefs.Kolcabas Comfort Theory interpretation, Analysis, and EvaluationTheory DescriptionHistorical context. The Comfort Theory is a humanistic, holistic, patient need based nursing derived middle range theory (Kolbaca, xxxx). The concept of comfort has had a historic and consistent presence in nursing. In the early 1900s , comfort was considered to be a goal for both nursing and medicine, as it was believed that comfort led to recovery (McIlveen Morse, 1995). Over time comfort has become an increasingly minor focus, at times reserved only for those patients for whom no further medical treatment options are available (McIlveen Morse, 1995 ).The term comfort is used as a noun (comforter), adjective (comforting), verb (to comfort), or adverb (comfort the patient) (xxx). It is also used as a negative (absence of discomfort), neutral (ease), or positive (hope inspiring). Webster (1990) defines comfort as relief from distress to soothe in sorrow or distress a person or thing that comforts a state of ease and quiet enjoyment free from worry anything that makes life easy and the lessening of misery or grief by calming or inspiring with hope. The origin of comfort is confortrare which means to strengthen greatly(Kolcaba, 1992). Based on the diversity of these terms comfort is a complex term. Kolcabas (1991) concept analysis of comfort helped to clarify the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (David, 2002). Over a period of years and revisions Kolcaba (1994) developed the comfort theor y which continues to evolve and change with changes as recent as 2007 (Figure 2). geomorphological Components.Assumptions. Kolcabas Theory of Comfort (1994) makes four basic assumptions about reality. She assumes that humans beings have holistic responses to complex stimuli comfort is a desirable holistic state that is germane to the even out of nursing human beings actively strive to meet, or to have met, their basic comfort needs, and that comfort is more than the absence of pain, anxiety, and other physical discomforts (Kolcaba , 2009).Concepts. Kolcaba defines six concepts of comfort which are relative to patients, families, and nurses (Table 1) . The term family, as defined by Kolcaba (2003) encompasses significant others as determined by the patient (Kolcaba, 2003 Kolcaba, Tilton Drouin, 2006). The first concept is of comfort needs which is the relief/ease/transcendence in physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental contexts of human experience. Comfort interve ntions in the model are defined as interventions of the health care team specifically targeting comfort of the patient, family and nurses. Intervening variables are positive or negative factors over which the health care team has little control, including physical limitations of the hospital or patients home, cultural influences, socioeconomic factors, prognosis, concurrent medical or psychological conditions. Health-seeking behaviors are those behaviors of patient, family or nurses (conscious or unconscious) which promote well-being may be internal, external or towards promoting a peaceful death. The final concept, institutional integrity, added in most recently, are values, financial stability and wholeness of health care facilities at the local state or national levels.Propositions. To help test the concept of nurses comfort caring for dying infants, propositions five and six of Kolcabas comfort theory are examined. These propositions state that patients, nurses, and other member s of the healthcare team agree upon desirable and realistic health seeking behaviors (HSBs) (five) and if enhanced comfort is achieved, patients, family members, and/or nurses are strengthened to engage in HSBs, which further enhances comfort (six). These propositions provide rationale for why nurses and other health care professionals should focus on the patient, family, or in this case the nurses comfort beyond altruistic reasons. Because health seeking behaviors include internal and external behaviors almost any health-related outcome important in a healthcare setting can be sort as a health seeking behavior (Peterson Bredow, 2010). The desirable and realistic health seeking behavior (HSB) for this study is nurses comfort (knowledge and skills) to relieve moral distress in caring for a dying infant and their family. Several studies support that moral and other types of distress are frequently observed in nurses who care for dying infants (Frommet, 1991) and most importantly ind icate that nurses are seeking education regarding patient end of life issues (XXXXX). It is believed that reducing this distress and frustration can be affected through an effective end of life educational programs and is likely to improve the knowledge and skills nurses need to help increase their comfort level in caring for dying infants (xxxxx).Functional Components. Visualizing the concepts in the conceptual model, theTheory Analysis and EvaluationTo analyze and evaluate Kolcabas Comfort Theory (1994) the substantive foundation, morphological integrity, and operative adequacy of the theory using Smith and Liehrs (2008) Framework for the Evaluation of Middle Range Theories is discussed below (Appendix 1).Substantive foundations. Assessing the substantive foundation of a middle range theory is based on four criteria (Smith, 2003). The first beat evaluates whether the theory is within the focus of the discipline of nursing. Kolcabas comfort theory successfully addresses four conc epts comprising the metaparadigm of nursing, defining the concepts as they correspond to the theory (Dowd, 2002 Kolbaca, 2007) as well as presents a diagram of how the Comfort Theory relates theoretically to other nursing concepts (Figure 2) (Kolcaba, 1994) . Nursing is described as the process of assessing the patients comfort needs, developing and implementing appropriate nursing interventions, and evaluating patient comfort following nursing interventions. Person is described as the recipient of nursing care the patient may be an individual, family, institution, or community. Environment is considered to be the external surroundings of the patient and can be manipulated to increase patient comfort. Finally, health is viewed as the optimum functioning of the patient as they define it. The ability of the example to suggest interventions that help guide nursing interventions to increase comfort supports the discipline of nursing, and in doing so meeting the first criteria.The secon d mensuration evaluates whether the assumptions are specified and congruent with the focus. The four assumptions in the Comfort Theory are explicitly stated and so meet the second criteria. Comfort theory (xxxx) assumes that humans beings have holistic responses to complex stimuli comfort is a desirable holistic state that is germane to the discipline of nursing human beings actively strive to meet, or to have met, their basic comfort needs, and that comfort is more than the absence of pain, anxiety, and other physical discomforts (Kolcaba , 2009).Because the Comfort Theory (XXXX) substantially describes the concept of comfort at the middle range level of discourse, the third measuring rod of the substantive foundation is met. Kolcabas (1991) concept analysis of comfort helped to clarify the role of comfort as a holistic concept for nursing. This review confirmed that comfort is a positive concept and is associated with activities that nurture and strengthen patients (David, 2002) . The Comfort Theory provides an excellent description, explanation, and interpretation of the comfort concept in multiple domains and practice settings. Comfort theory is at the middle range level in that is defined in a measurable way and can be operationalized in both research and practice settings.The final criterion for this category evaluates if the origins are rooted in practice and research experience. The Comfort Theory has been used in numerous practice and research settings to provide a framework where patients have comfort needs and enhancing their comfort is valued. It has also been used to enhance working environments, especially for nurses, and most recently as a framework for working toward national institutional recognitions. More specifically parts are all of the theory have been used to test the effectiveness of holistic interventions for increasing comfort (xxxxxxx), to demonstrate the correlation between comfort and subsequent HSBs (xxxxx) and to relate HSBs to desirable institutional outcomes. It has also been used as a framework for helping families make difficult decisions about end of life (xxxxx). International and national healthcare institutions have also used Comfort Theory to enhance the work environment for nurses (xxxx). In these cases, nurses comfort is of interest and is theoretically related to the integrity of the institution. Summarize specific studies and tools used here.Structural integrity. There are four criterion for evaluating structural integrity. The first criterion is that the concepts are well defined. The concepts (defined above) of comfort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health-seeking behaviors, and institutional integrity are clearly defined and easy to understand. There are numerous examples of applying the concepts in the literature for further clarification (xxxxx).The second criterion of structural integrity is that concepts within the theory are at the middle range l evel of abstraction. The concepts of the Comfort Theory-comfort needs, comfort interventions, intervening variables, enhanced comfort, health seeking behaviors, and institutional integrity are near the same level on the ladder of abstraction at the middle range level. They are more concrete because they can and have been operationalized and measured (xxxxx).The third criterion of structural integrity is that there are no more concepts than needed to explain the phenomena. Overall, the concepts adequately explain the phenomena of comfort. The theory is synthesized and organized in a simple manner. Lastly, the ordinal criterion evaluates whether the concepts and relationships among the concepts are logically presented with a model. In the Comfort Theory (1994) model the ideas are integrated to create an understanding of the whole phenomenon of comfort in a model. The Comfort Theory (1994) model is a great example of presenting the concepts and statements in a linear logical rescript so the appreciation of the theory can be recognized (Smith, 2003).Functional adequacy. Because the criterion for functional adequacy overlap somewhat the five criterion will be discussed collectively. The five criterion include theory can be applied to a variety of practice environments and clients empirical indicators have been identified published examples exist of research and theory in practice and that the theory has evolved through scholarly inquiry. The Comfort Theory easily meets all of these criterions. For example, the Comfort Theory has been used widely in a variety of research in practice settings and patient and family populations. Even though the Comfort Theory has been used most widely with patients and families at the end of life and surrounding holistic palliative care nursing interventions, there has been a broad application of the theory in other populations as well including mothers in labor (xxxx), Alzheimer patients (xxxx), pediatric intensive care unit patien ts and families (xxxx), patients on bedrest (xxxx), those undergoing radiation therapy (xxxx) and for infants comfort and pain (xxxx). Most recently research of using the theory in practice has expanded to support institutional nursing recognition and comfort in the nursing working environment. In each of the populations mentioned above a psychometric comfort instrument has been developed as empirical indicators of concepts in the theory. However, the empirical indicators extend beyond empiricism and some include perceptions, self reports, evident behaviors and biological indicators (Ford-Gibloe, Campbell, Berman, 1995 Reed, 1995). The Comfort Theory (1994) has also been revised with the latest revision in 2007. The empirical adequacy of the Comfort Theory is evidence of the maturity of this theory (Smith, 2003).SummaryThe Comfort Theory (1994) is a well defined and well tested theory. Its strength lies in the versatility, adaptability, and testability of the concepts. The comfort theory clearly defines the concepts in the theory and the relationship between them. Because the comfort theory meets most of the substantitive foundations, structural integrity, and functional adequacy criteria the Comfort Theory (1994) is a strong middle range theory. An champaign that could increase the generalizability especially for nursing institutions is a change in the term in the model of nursing interventions to comfort interventions (xxxxx).Resnicks Self-Efficacy Theory Description, Analysis, and EvaluationTheory DescriptionHistorical context. Resnicks Theory of Self Efficacy is based on Banduras social cognitive theory and conceptualizes person-behavior-environment as triadic reciprocity the foundation for reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1977, 1986).The cognitive judgment of these factors results in a perception of a level of confidence in the individuals ability to perform a certain behavior. The positive performance of this behavior reinforces self-efficacy expectat ions (Bandura, 1995).Structural Components. Although it is not explicitly stated, the core of this theory assumes that people can consciously change and develop or control their behavior. This is important to the proposition that self-efficacy also can be changed or enhanced through reflective thought, general knowledge, skills to perform a specific behavior, and self influence. This perspective is rooted in the model of triadic reciprocity (foundation for reciprocal determinism) in which personal determinants (self-efficacy), environmental conditions (treatment conditions) and action (practice) are mutually interactive influences. Therefore, improving performance depends on changing some of these influences (Bandura, 1977). In order to determine self-efficacy an individual must have the opportunity for self evaluation to evaluate how likely it is he or she can achieve a given(p) level of performance.Concepts. The two major components of self efficacy include self-efficacy expecta tions and outcome expectations (Table 2). Self-efficacy expectations are judgments about the personal ability to accomplish a given task. outcome expectations are judgments about what will happen if a given task is accomplished. These two components are differentiated because individuals can believe a certain behavior will result in a specific outcome, however, they may not believe they are capable of performing the behavior required for the outcome to occur (Bandura 1977, 1986). For example, a NICU nurse may believe attending an end of life education series will increase his/her knowledge and skill and ease moral distress, but may not believe that they could provide sensitive care for some ethical, religious, or moral reason. It is generally anticipated, but not always realistic that self-efficacy will have a positive impact on behavior. There are times when self-efficacy will have no or a negative impact on performance (Vancouver, Thomspon, Williams, 2001). Bandura (1977, 1986, 1997) suggests that outcome expectations are based largely on the individuals self-efficacy expectations, which generally depend on their judgment about how well they can perform the behavior can be disassociated with self-efficacy expectations and are partially separable from self-efficacy judgments when extrinsic outcomes are fixed. Because the outcomes an individual expects are the results of the judgments about what he or she can accomplish, they are unlikely to contribute to predictions of behavior (Bandura, 1977).Judgments about ones self-efficacy is based on four informational sources including enactive attainment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and physiological state. The first source, enactive attainment, or the actual performance of a behavior has been described as the most influential source of self-efficacy information (Bandura, 1986, Bandura Adams, 1977). There has been repeated empirical evidence that genuinely performing an activity strengthens self-effica cy beliefs due to informational sources (Bandura, 1995). The second source, vicarious experience or visualizing other similar people perform a behavior, also influence self-efficacy (Bandura, Adams, Hardy, Howells, 1980). Conditions that impact vicarious experience include amount of exposure or experience to the behavior (least experience causes greater impact) and amount of instruction given (influence of others is greater with undecipherable guidelines) (Resnick Galik, 2006). Another source verbal persuasion or exhortation involves telling an individual he or she has the capabilities to master the given behavior. Verbal encouragement from a trusted, credible source in counseling or education form has been used alone to strengthen efficacy expectations (Castro, King, Brassington, 2001 Hitunen et al. 2005 Moore et al., 2006 Resnick, Simpson, et al., 2006). The final information source physiological feedback or state during a behavior can be important in relation to coping with s tressors, health functioning, and physical accomplishments. Interventions can be used to alter the interpretation of physiological feedback and help individuals cope with physical sensations, enhancing self efficacy and resulting in improved performance (Bandura Adams, 1977).Propositions. To help test the concept of nurses comfort caring for dying infa

Woody Allen On Life And Death English Literature Essay

arboresque Allen On Life And Death English Literature EssayWoody Allen was born on December 1, 1935. He is an actor, director, screenwriter, playwright, author, and comedian. He focuses most of his work on middleclass heart in New York City. He wrote a number of full treatment that deal with life and cobblers last, specifically in the two I will focus on Death Knocks and some(prenominal) Works. Woody Allen depicts certain themes constantly through erupt his works. Many of his characters change their values dramatically, which they held dearly before to adapt to their current situation. This was apparent in his movie, whatever Works. He similarly shows the degradation of hu public community in his film through the perspective of the main character, Boris. Woody Allen s view on life and death is shown in his movies and books as changing, but also depressing and some quantifys scary because of the way he writes.Woody Allen was born to a middleclass Jewish family in Brooklyn, Ne w York. He always wanted to be a playwright and started stand-up comedy while in school. He was a writer for television shows, which helped him gain access to the entertainment industry. Eventually, he began writing, enjoin and acting in his plays and films. He has won Oscars for his films and has become a successful comedian. He has put a lot of himself in his films. Many of his characters have been senior(a) men with younger woman, such as the kin between Boris and Melody in Whatever Works. Woody Allen had a relationship with his ex-married woman s adopted daughter, who he later married.Woody Allen is the writer and director of Whatever Works, a film in which he depicts his views on life through the main character, Boris. For Allen, filmmaking is an art that, he says, distracts me from the uncertainty of life, the inevitability of aging and death and death of loved ones mass killings and starvation, from holocausts not just man-made walloping, but the existential position your e in. Allen has portrayed his characters as a self-projection that began in his earlier movies. In Stardust Memories (1980), Allen presented a portrait of a man who is intended to appear just as depraved as Allen s critics have accused him of being (Lee 115-116). Thus, in Whatever Works, Allen again projects himself on to Boris. Boris believes that life is a horror show and that is completely overwhelming. He believes that life s aspirations eventually conform with age to some(prenominal) works. Whatever Works opening aspect depicts the main character, Boris , mind-set on life. The movie s first scene talks about the failures of ideologies because they all rely on the fact that people are fundamentally decent, which he believes is untrue. Boris claims life is a nightmare without people in it and that people should take whatever pleasure they can get in this house of nightmares. He has a completely cynical and negative view of life.In an interview, Woody Allen expressed his views of life and his life as a filmmaker. After Whatever Works, the broadcaster asked Woody about his reoccurring theme life being unspoken and painful. Allen responded, All the important writers and all the important philosophers have, in one form or another(prenominal), come to the conclusion, the obvious conclusion, that you know, life is a terrible trial and precise harsh and very full of suffering, and so whatever you can do with the stipulation that you dont hurt anybody without, you know, ruining a life here or on that point or causing any damage, theres nothing wrong with it (Will the Real Woody Allen). This provides insight into his philosophy of life and how it impacts his work. Like Boris, Woody says that real problems distract him from his work, akin facing the harsh realities of life and facing death. He says that what distracts him isthe uncertainty of life and inevitability of aging and death, and death of loved ones, and mass killings and starvations and holocausts, and not just the manmade carnage but the existential position that youre in, you know, being in a world where you have no idea whats going on, why youre here or what realistic meaning your life can have and the conclusion that you come to after a while, that there is really no meaning to it, and its just a random, mindless event, and these are pretty depressing thoughts. And if you spend much time thinking about them, not only cant you resolve them, but you sit cold in your seat (Will the Real Woody Allen).This shows how much Woody puts his thoughts into those of his characters. Woody Allen was influenced by umpteen American and European influences, such as Ingmar Bergman, Dostoevsky, Charlie Chaplin, Orson Welles and more. Allen distrusts and satirizes pro forma education which he explicitly voices through Melody, when she tells Boris that he told her the American education system has failed (Woody Allen).In Whatever Works, Woody Allen tells the story of Boris. He is an old m an and a genius. He divorces his first wife after a failed suicide attempt when he realizes they are perfect on paper but different in real life. Then one day, after hanging out with his friends, he meets Melody, a young woman from Mississippi. She convinces him to let her stay with him temporarily. She is na ve and appreciates his outlook on life and eventually, falls in love with his genius mind. She believes she is lucky because a girl of her intelligence found a man with his genius, a physicist who claims he almost won the Nobel Peace Prize. Boris imposes his ideologies upon Melody.Woody Allen s views on beliefs are strongly shown as adapting to current situations. This can be seen in the movie Whatever Works through Woody Allen s depiction of Melody s parents. They are both blue-collar stereotypical religious Midwestern Americans. When Melody s mother first arrives, she faints after seeing that Melody is married to a man like Boris, believing that he is either holding or warr antor or has brainwashed her. Prior to arriving in New York City, Melody s mother was a housewife who had only been with one man, her husband. After he cheated on her, they got a divorce and she came to her daughter. Eventually, she settles into a life in New York City. After a few weeks, she becomes an artist and takes in a lover and then another lover. She lives with two men and creates nude collages. Her husband is similar in his change. He is also a blue blooded American. When he comes to New York to get his wife back, he has a self-realization that he is a homosexual and lives with a male lover. Woody Allen shows how one s aspirations in life change to whatever works .In the movie, Woody Allen s view of life is cynical and his view of death is comical. Each time the character Boris s marriage fails he attempts suicide by jumping out the window. After the first time, Boris land on a canopy develops a limp and divorces his wife. He believes they were the perfect match on paper b ut that it no longer worked . He agnise this after an anxiety attack in the middle of the night when he realized he was dying. He was referring to dying slowly each day and that one day, he will die. The second time Boris attempted suicide after his wife, Melody, tells him she is in love with another man and wants to love life and interact with others, and not be cynical anymore. He tells her he expected this day to come but when he goes home, he jumps out the window again. This time, he lands on a woman and breaks her leg. They eventually become a couple. Death is seen as way out of the hardship of life, however, for Boris, when one chapter closed, another opened. Life for him was always worth living, even if he did not believe so at the time. He also time-tested to commit suicide on a rash whim. It was never planned but an immediate action without thinking.Woody Allen has parodied suicide in many of his films prior to Whatever Works, including What s New, Pussycat? (1965). Thro ughout his works, Allen asks fundamental questions about human life that includes, Is it possible to create a deeply satisfying romantic relationship with just one person? Is there one set of absolutely true moral principles, or is ethics simply a matter of whimsey? Is there God? And what will happen after death? (Lee 46). In Whatever Works (2009), Woody Allen has finally come to a conclusion for many of his philosophical questions that he asked in his earlier films. Woody Allen is definitive in claiming there is no God as Boris and Melody mock Melody s father for praying. Melody outright tells her father that he is praying to nothing just air. Thus, faced with a meaningless universe and no way to prove the institution of God, his character contemplates suicide is something many of Allen s characters face (Blake 61). It was also apparent that romantic relationships are not with just one person because each of the characters had many relationships. Melody s mom had two lovers at t he same time. None of the characters abided by a deep-rooted moral code either. Boris repeatedly claimed morals changed to whatever works .Death Knocks is a play about fooling death and putting it off. In the play, there are only two characters Nat Ackerman and Death. Death comes to Nat because it is his time to go. Nat refuses to believe him and plays Death in a game of Gin Rummy for an extra twenty-four hours to live and for some money. Death loses. In the play, Death claims there is a specific Death for each person and that it resembles them. Nat refuses to believe Death and eventually kicks him out of his house. This short play symbolizes Woody Allen s refusal to come to impairment with death, shrugging it off and not coming to terms with it. The play shows Allen seek to come to terms with understanding what death is. However, in the play, Nat does not die.Many of his characters are preoccupy with death. From Alvy in Annie Hall (1977) to Boris in Whatever Works (2009), the ch aracters are obsessed with abstract considerations about the anguish of living and the terrors of death (Lee 61). Especially since, death is seldom far from Allen s thoughts or images (Blake 69). Woody Allen believes that life is synonymous with suffering. Thus, he takes a position of showing a thin line between choosing life and death for his characters, who are afraid to live and afraid to die.Thus, a repeated theme Woody Allen depicts is when a person comes to realize emotionally as rise as intellectually that he will eventually die, he becomes filled with dread, which can be seen in works like Annie Hall and Manhattan (Lee 123). Boris had this epiphany that Nat Ackerson did not. Thus, the reactions of both characters for death were completely different.Woody Allen has led a successful career. He has made many films and written many plays. He is a man who thinks he is an existentialist, trying to see the big picture. He is scared of death and attempts to not think about death by working hard in his films and plays. In Whatever Works and Death Knocks, you get a sense of Woody Allen and how he puts himself into his characters, especially seeing what he says about life and death.Work CitedAllen, Woody. Britannica Biographies. Middle front Plus. Web. 18 Jan. 2011.Blake, Richard A. Woody Allen Profane and Sacred. Lanham, MD (u.a.) Scarecrow, 1995. Print.Estrin, Mark W. Allen, Woody. International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. 4th ed. Vol. 2 Directors. Detroit St. throng Press, 2000. 8-14. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.Lee, drum sander H. Eighteen Woody Allen Films Analyzed Anguish, God and Existentialism. Jefferson, NC McFarland , 1998. Print.Lee, Sander H. Woody Allens Angst Philosophical Commentaries on His Serious Films. Jefferson, NC McFarland, 1997. Print.McCaffrey, Donald W. Allen, Woody. International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. 4th ed. Vol . 3 Actors and Actresses. Detroit St. James Press, 2000. 11-14. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2011.Will The Real Woody Allen Please Stand Up? REBROADCAST. Fresh Air 29 Dec. 2009. Literature Resource Center. Web. 18 Jan. 2011.Woody Allen. International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. Vol. 2. Gale, 2000.Gale Biography In Context. Web. 19 Jan. 2011.Woody Allen On Life, Films And Whatever Works NPR. NPR National Public Radio News Analysis, World, US, euphony Arts NPR. 15 June 2009. Web. 13 Jan. 2011. .

Anchoring Proteins Eukaryotic Chromosomes Biology Essay

Anchoring Proteins Eukaryotic Chromosomes Biology EssayThe major difference between bacterial and eukaryotic supercoiling is due to the generally philippic nature of bacterial chromosomes versus the one-dimensional nature of eukaryotic chromosomes and the fact that bacteria do not have nucleosomes. The ccc deoxyribonucleic acid of bacteria is subject to much topological constraint and therefore tends to exist in res publica of big(p)er negative supercoiling in either an interwound or spiral configuration. However, since the spiral configuration is usually associated with wrapping about a protein, this form is not as prevalent in bacteria. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling is maintained to primarily by the actions of deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase and DNA gyrase. In eukaryotes, negative supercoiling is achieved to a great degree via wrick in the form of left handed spirals around nucleosomes while stretches of nucleosome free DNA can engage in negative supercoiling i n the interwound configuration. Nucleosomal supercoiling is controlled by a number of factors come to in chromatin remodeling including methylation and acetylation states of histones, ski binding of proteins to stretches of DNA altering the access to nucleosome wrapping, and interaction with the many components of the nucleosome remodeling complexes. As with bacteria, DNA topoisomerase and gyrase play a contribution in maintaining supercoiling in nucleosome free stretches of DNA.(c) Methods of Compaction The basic level of compaction in eukaryotic chromosomes is the nucleosome, a 146 nucleotide stretch of DNA wrapped around an octomer of histone proteins, with a 20-80 nucleotide linker regions in between. Chains of nucleosomal complexes are then further compacted into the 30 nm fiber in zig-zag or solenoid configuration. the 30nm fiber is then unionized into 40-90kb loops held together at the base of the loop by the nuclear scaffold. Among other factors, the nuclear scaffold con tains topoisomerase II (Topo II), and SMC proteins, which are chromosomal ATPases. TopoII and Smc2 and Smc4 are subunits of Condensin while Smc1, and Smc3 are part of Cohesin. Studies suggest that Condensins promote lateral compaction of chromosomes, while Cohesin promotes longitudinal compaction, through linking adjacent cohesion sites. TopoII is also a component of scaffold and colocalizes with AT-rich DNA sequences of the scaffold named SARs, which are thought to anchor DNA loops onto the chromosome axis. TopoII seems to be involved in the conference of chromatin structure, while Condensins are required for both(prenominal) assembly and maintenance.In contrast to eukarytic chomosomal organization, knowledge of bacterial chromosomal organization is much more limited. Bacteria have neither nucleosomes nor a nucleus. Rather the generally circular chromosomes are organized into compact, superhelical domains in a region called the nucleoid. The chromatin structure resembles a rosett e with loops of supercoiled DNA radiating from a central core. Compaction is achieved by a combination of forces including supercoiling, compaction by proteins, transcription, and possibly RNA-DNA interactions.2) a) Binding of proteins to DNA Domains are like snap-on tools for proteins. They are interchangeable protein structures which confer specific functions on the containing proteins. In the case of DNA binding domains, they impart the protein with the ability to bind to DNA. The binding may use a variety of sequence specific and/or non-specific molecular interactions including hydrogen and ionic bonding, van de Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions, and may involve interaction with either the major or minor grooves and/or the DNA backbone. The number of residues involved and the type and strength of bonding between the molecules varies with the particular combination of protein domain(s) and DNA sequence(s)/structure(s) to which it is bound.DNA binding domains are general ly classified into families which share with similar DNA binding domain properties and are grouped according to the predominant structure of the binding domain. For example 1) HTH is 2 -helices connected by a turn. The recognition volute binds in a non-sequence specific manner via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with bases in the major groove while the other helix stabilizes the binding of the two molecules. 2) bHLH 2 -helices connected by a loop. The larger, basic helix interacts with major groove of DNA while the smaller helix functions as the dimerization domain. 3) HLH and leucine zipper motifs, an -helix connected by a loop to a longer -helix which may contains separate DNA binding and dimerization domains as in the leucine zipper. 4) -containing -sheets, perhaps in combination with intervening loops, or forming sheets/barrells/ sandwiches, and which may use either the -sheet or the loop for contact, e.g TBP and Ig-like domains. 5) Mixed -/ -proteins which use a mix of - and - structures and may contact using either or both structures, or via the intervening loops, e.g. Zinc finger proteins. It is important to note that even within a particular family or domain structure, the can be great variation in how the domain interacts with the DNA molecule. For example, although the -helix typically inserts into the major groove parallel to the DNA backbone, many other orientations are possible and found in practice.In addition to sequence recognition, another function of the domain is to bring the protein and DNA into spacial proximity and achieve a conformation conducive to binding. Thus, binding often requires recognition of structural deviation such as variation from the typical B form of DNA or other structural alterations such as torsion or bending. Binding may also involve/require torsional alteration in either or both of the structures either earlier to or during binding.(b) binding of proteins to other proteins. Domains facilitate protein -protein interaction via dimerization domains, which, with the exception of the leucine zipper, are usually distinct from the DNA binding domain-add something here renature of dimerazation domains. Hetero- and homo- dimerization of proteins provides a method to increase the variety of target sequences, sequence specificity, and/or binding affinity. Furthermore, proteins can engage in a process called 3D domain swapping, a process by which 2 or more proteins can form a dimer or oligomer by exchanging identical structural domains. For example, the cro repressor of bacteriophage uses domain-swapping to dimerize by swapping C-terminal strands.(c) domains that activate transcription. In addition to DNA binding domains as described in a), transcription factors generally contain one or more transactivation domains, which allow them to interact with other transcription factors and/or the basal transcription machinery. Transactivation domains are generally glutamine- or proline-rich, stret ches of 30-100 amino acids which enhance transcription either straight or thru recruiting of other coactivators which cannot themselves bind DNA. In addition, many transcription factors generally act as homo- or hetero-dimers and thus also contain dimerization domains.

Franklins Road To Humility Essay -- essays research papers

Bens Autobiography begins in unimportance and ends in obscureness. He is born into a depleted family being the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back. He finishes part two with the modesty of an accomplished elder. However, in between it is full of arrogance and pride. During his early age (part 1 of The Autobiography), Bens diligence and thirst for knowledge continuously put him in comforting situations. unfortunately he repeatedly allows his good fortunes to bring more or less his early daysful pride and arrogance, neartimes to a point where they compromise his decision making. This in turn causes some sort of misfortune or mishap to occur, which humbles him. Ben Franklin shows us that unimportance is a continuing process that one learns overtime and through his own experiences. A soul who has acquired the reality of the virtue never admits it because he doesnt know it. A person with the reality of the virtue will in fact deny it, because of the charact er of humility. Upon reading the Autobiography I came to the notion that during his y awayh and onto early adulthood, Ben was acquiring the behavior of the virtue of humility. However in his elder years, the reality of the virtue is indisputable.The send-off instance in which the appearance of humility is unmistakable is when Ben decides to get into the habit of expressing himself in Terms of Diffidence (page 333). When saying anything that could be disputed, Ben didnt use run-in that gave the air of positiveness to an opinion, he instead verbalise things like, I conceive, it appears to me, and it is so if I am not mistaken. Bens compositionner of speaking showed the appearance of humility but lacked the reality of it. The reason he intercommunicate like that was because, it procurd them a readier reception and less contradiction. Made it easier for Ben to argue and get his point across, no humility in the heart. In one instance Bens youthful self-regard and dignity forced humility upon him. When Sir William Keith proposed a business deal with Ben, he jumped at the opportun... ...ith it, beat it down, stifle it, mortify it as much as one pleases, it is still alive, and e precise now and then it will peep out and show itself. Even the most humble man has instances where his pride will show itself. Those are not the times to judge him, those are the times to school him. Only the man who has truly acquired the reality of humility will learn.This autobiography has been read by legion(predicate) and can be interpreted in many different ways. The point of view here is that humility is gained through experience, knowledge, and the learning of mistakes. As Ben grows up we see him mature into an intelligent young man who is hard his best to cope with his situation. At times it whitethorn seem like he possessed no humility. But we must remember that he was very young when he was encountering these compromising situations. Sometimes he dealt with the situati ons like an adult, thinking the situation through, other times ignorantly like a child. It is evident that as he was getting older and Ben was acquiring the appearance of the virtue of humility throughout and acquired the reality of it in his elder years. Franklins Road To Humility Essay -- essays research papers Bens Autobiography begins in humility and ends in humility. He is born into a modest family being the youngest son of the youngest son for five generations back. He finishes part two with the modesty of an accomplished elder. However, in between it is full of arrogance and pride. During his early years (part 1 of The Autobiography), Bens diligence and thirst for knowledge continuously put him in comforting situations. Unfortunately he repeatedly allows his good fortunes to bring about his youthful pride and arrogance, sometimes to a point where they compromise his decision making. This in turn causes some sort of misfortune or mishap to occur, which humbles him. Ben Franklin shows us that humility is a continuing process that one learns overtime and through his own experiences. A person who has acquired the reality of the virtue never admits it because he doesnt know it. A person with the reality of the virtue will in fact deny it, because of the nature of humility. Upon reading the Autobiography I came to the notion that during his youth and onto early adulthood, Ben was acquiring the appearance of the virtue of humility. However in his elder years, the reality of the virtue is indisputable.The first instance in which the appearance of humility is evident is when Ben decides to get into the habit of expressing himself in Terms of Diffidence (page 333). When saying anything that could be disputed, Ben didnt use words that gave the air of positiveness to an opinion, he instead said things like, I conceive, it appears to me, and it is so if I am not mistaken. Bens manner of speaking showed the appearance of humility but lacked the realit y of it. The reason he spoke like that was because, it procurd them a readier reception and less contradiction. Made it easier for Ben to argue and get his point across, no humility in the heart. In one instance Bens youthful self-regard and dignity forced humility upon him. When Sir William Keith proposed a business deal with Ben, he jumped at the opportun... ...ith it, beat it down, stifle it, mortify it as much as one pleases, it is still alive, and every now and then it will peep out and show itself. Even the most humble man has instances where his pride will show itself. Those are not the times to judge him, those are the times to teach him. Only the man who has truly acquired the reality of humility will learn.This autobiography has been read by many and can be interpreted in many different ways. The point of view here is that humility is gained through experience, knowledge, and the learning of mistakes. As Ben grows up we see him mature into an intelligent young man who is trying his best to cope with his situation. At times it may seem like he possessed no humility. But we must remember that he was very young when he was encountering these compromising situations. Sometimes he dealt with the situations like an adult, thinking the situation through, other times ignorantly like a child. It is evident that as he was getting older and Ben was acquiring the appearance of the virtue of humility throughout and acquired the reality of it in his elder years.

Sylvia Plath Essay -- Essays Papers

Sylvia PlathSylvia Plaths mother was the daughter of two German immigrants who lived in Massachusetts. She grew up highly educated and became a high school English teacher. Sylvia Plaths father had a doctorate in classical languages at capital of Massachusetts University. When Sylvias mother decided to earn her Masters degree at Boston University, Otto and Riri were married after a brief courtship, January 1932, in Carson City, Nevada. By mutual agreement, the mother immediately quit her job and became a homemaker. Her first child, Sylvia, was born October 27, 1932. Sylvias brother Warren was born one and a half years later on April 27, 1935.True to her word, Riri Plath was a devoted mother and wife. Otto Plath devoted himself to paternity a book, so that the family had very little time for social life. Otto was also twenty years older than Riri and insisted on ruling the household with an iron hand. In fact, he even controlled the finances of the house to the degree that he insiste d on doing all the shopping, groceries and otherwise. As controlling as he was, he was also a very loving and proud father and Sylvia and Warren grew up feeling loved by both parents.However, in 1936, Otto began to get extremely sick. He refused to go to see a doctor and he continued to work through much of his illness, which the family believed to be lung cancer. Then in 1938-1939, Warren also became sick. First with pneumonia, then later with asthma and other bronchial ailments. Riri Plath exhausted her resources trying to take care of the two sick men in her family. So Sylvia was often left with her maternal grandparents, whom she was very found of. In particular, she was very close to her grandfather, who she called grampy. In fact, she often in later writing would speak about him as if he was really her father. The following excerpt comes from her story Among the Bumblebees and describes an incident that actually occurred, according to Riri, (Pg. 22) with her grandfather. Fir st father would go for a swim himself, leaving her in the shore. . . .After a while she would call to him, and he would turn and begin swimming shoreward, carving a line of foam. . . .cleaving the water ahead with the powerful propellers of his arms. He would come to her and attire her onto his back , where she clung, her arms looked around his neck, and go swimming out again. In an ecstasy of terror... ... and her and her husband settled back down in the United States. both(prenominal) pursued their writing careers and worked off and on until they finally decided to return to London once again. In February 1960, Sylvia published her first volume of poetry called the giant And Other Poems. Both poets enjoyed continued success, but were even happier when on April 1, 1960, Sylvia gave birth to her first child, a daughter. A second child, a son, was born to the couple January 17, 1962. It was in short after this second birth that the marriage showed signs of great strain. Sylvia ev entually found out that Ted was seeing someone else and she divorced Ted and attempted to continue with a design life with her two children. She continued to experience success as a writer, and published several more books of poetry. However, her and her childrens illnesses and an extremely bad English winter, on with many lonely nights caused Sylvia to take her life on February 11, 1963.Bibliography1. Aurelia Shober Plath. Letters Home by Sylvia Plath. New York City Harper & Row Publishers, 1975.2. The academy of American Poets. Sylvia Plath. The Academy of American Poets. Online. 2000.